SCIENCE WORDS
> Arteries : Arteries are the blood vessels that circulate pure and oxygenated blood from heart to different parts of the body.
> Veins : Veins are the blood vessels that collect impure and deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body and carry it to the heart for purification.
> Blood : Blood is a fluid that is composed of RBC, WBC, Platelets and Plasma. It transports oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and other waste materials in the body.
> Blood Cells : Blood cells are the components of blood. These are red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
> Circulation : The movement of a fluid, like blood, from one place to another, is called circulation.
> Platelets : Platelets repair the blood cells and are responsible for blood clotting.
> Mandible : Lower jaw of human skull is called mandible. It is the only part of the skull that can move.
> Respiration : The process of inhaling air and exhaling carbon dioxide and other gases than oxygen is called respiration.
> Ligament : These are very strong elastic bands of tissues that join the bones together.
> Joints : Joints are special points at which two or more bones are attached to each other.
> Bones : Bones are hard and stiff structure underneath our skin made of calcium. It protect our vital organs and give our body shape and support.
> Cartilage : It is a flexible tissue that holds the bones together and protects them. Our ribcage, ears and nose have cartilage.
> Spinal Cord : It is a bundle of nerves that carries messages from brain to the other parts of the body.
> Neuron : These are the nerve cells that carry messages to and from the brain, the spinal chord and the other parts of the body.
> Bone Marrow : We have many hollow bones filled with a jelly like substance called bone marrow, in which blood cells are produced.
> Reflex Action : The automatic response of our body to stimulus are called reflex actions. These actions do not involve the brain and are very fast.
> Stimulus : The event or factor that cause our body to react or respond is called stimulus.
A. OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. The organ system that transports digested food materials and other substances throughout the body is the –
a) The Skeletal System
b) The Circulatory System
c) The Nervous System
d) The Digestive System
Ans: b) The Circulatory System
2. Which of the following is known as ‘Centre of Intelligence’
a)Cerebrum b)Cerebellum c)Spinal Cord d)Nerves
Ans : a) Cerebrum
3. The organ in the respiratory system in which the exchange of gases takes place is –
a) Lungs b) Windpipe c) Nose d) Bronchioles
Ans: a) Lungs
4. The involuntary muscle in human body is the –
a) Ear Muscles b) Cardiac Muscles c) Tongue d) Thigh Muscles
Ans : b) Cardiac muscles
5) Hinge joints are found in the –
a) Elbow b) Knee c) Fingers d) All of these
Ans : d) All of these
B. Short Answer Questions
1. What does our spinal cord do?
Ans : Our spinal chord is a bundle of nerves that carries messages from brain to other parts of the body.
2. What is ‘bone marrow’? Why is it important for us?
Ans : Our bones are hollow and filled with a jelly like substance called ‘bone marrow’. It is important for us because are produced in it.
3) Label the given diagram and write the main function of each part.
Respiratory SystemAns : a) Windpipe : The air goes into the lungs through the windpipe or trachea.
b) Lungs : These are the main organ of respiratory system as they absorb oxygen from inhaled air and remove carbon dioxide by exhaling.
4) State one difference and a similarity between cerebellum and cerebrum.
Ans : Similarity : Cerebrum and cerebellum both control the voluntary muscles.
Difference : Cerebrum is responsible for creativity, thought process and learning etc, while cerebellum controls and coordinate the voluntary muscles.
5) What is blood? Name the constituents of blood and write their main function in the human body. Name the blood group humans have.
Ans : Blood is a fluid that transports gases, water, nutrients and waste materials in our body. The constituents of blood are RBC, WBC, Platelets and plasma. RBC carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, WBC defends our body from germs and plasma carries nutrients. Humans have four blood groups- A, B, AB, and O.
C. Long Answer Questions
1. Name the types of joints that are involved in moving and folding the body parts in this posture. List the functions of each of the joints involved.
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This is how the skeletal system looks when we sit.
Ans: Ball-and-socket joint, hinge joint and gliding joint are involved in moving and folding the body parts in this posture. Ball-and-socket joints presernt in hips and shoulders, allows multidirectional movement and rotation. Hinge joint present in elbows and knees, allow movement in one direction. Gliding joints present in ankle, helps in up-down, left-right and diagonal movements.
2. What are muscles? Name the different types of muscles. Write their functions.
Ans: Muscles are made up of muscle tissues and, it stretches across the bones and covers them. There are basically three types of muscles:
a. Smooth: These are involuntary muscles, present in blood vessels, internal organs such as digestive system.
b. Skeletal: These are voluntary muscles, present in arms and legs etc.
c. Cardiac: These muscles are present in the heart. These are involuntary muscles, which means that they work automatically.
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