A matter can be found in three states, solid, liquid or gas. So these are called states of matter. Matter can change from one state to the other with change in temperature and pressure. In this article you will find answers of all the questions related to this topic.
SCIENCE WORDS
> Evaporation : The process by which liquids change into gases with increase in temperature or decrease in pressure is called evaporation.
> Fusion : Melting or fusion is a physical process in which solids change into liquids by increase in temperature or decrease in pressure.
> Sublimation : In this process solids change into gases by increase in temperature or decrease in pressure.
> Deposition : The process of change of gases into solids by decrease in temperature or increase in pressure is called deposition. It is exact opposite of sublimation.
> Condensation : This is a process in which gases change into liquids by decrease in temperature or increase in pressure.
> Solution : A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are evenly distributed in it.
> Solute : The substance that dissolves in a solution is called a solute.
> Solvent : The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent.
> Sedimentation : The process of settling down of particles to the bottom of a liquid is called sedimentation.
> Loading : Adding alum (a chemical) to a solution to increase the rate of sedimentation is called loading.
> Decantation : It is a process for the separation of mixtures of a solid and a liquid mixture such as a suspension.
> Filtration : The process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed with the help of a filter medium.
> Water Cycle : It is a continuous process of movement of water on the earth by changing it’s states. This process involves evaporation, condensation, melting, freezing, sublimation etc.
> Distillation : In this process a liquid is converted into vapor and then condensed back to liquid form in order to purify the liquid.
> Water Conservation : Protecting our natural water sources and avoiding wastage of water is called water conservation.
A. OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Water cycle is important as :
a) It maintains the amount of water on the earth
b) It is a cyclic process
c) It involves change of states of matter
d) None of these
Ans: d) None of these
2. The phenomenon which changes gaseous state of matter into solid state is
a) Evaporation b) Sedimentation c) Deposition d) Fusion
Ans : c) Deposition
3. Soluble impurities from water can be removed by
a) Evaporation b) Distillation c) both a. and b. d) none
Ans: c) both a. and b.
4. The ways to make to make water germ free and drinkable are
a) Boiling b) Chlorination c) Both a. and b. d) Loading
Ans : c) Both a. and b.
5) Conversion of states of matter is involved in
a) Rainfall b) Snowfall c) Water cycle d) All of these
Ans : d) All of these
B. Short Answer Questions
1. Identify the process shown in the given diagram and define it.
Ans : The given diagram shows the process of filtration. In this process solid particles are removed from a liquid with the help of filter paper.
2. What is difference between fusion and freezing?
Ans : Fusion or melting is the exact opposite process of freezing. In fusion, solids change into liquids while in freezing, liquids change into solids.
3) We spread our wet clothes under the sun to dry them. Name the process involved in drying wet clothes and define it.
Ans : The process involved in drying wet clothes is called evaporation. With increase in temperature and decrease in pressure the water present in wet clothes changes into vapor and go into the atmosphere, thus the wet cloth gets dried.
4) Complete the given flowchart:
Ans : Water can be conserved by,
a) Using less water
b) Re-using used water
c) Recycling waste water
d) Harvesting rain water
5) Dry ice is a solid substance and transforms, directly, to gaseous carbon dioxide. Name and define the phenomenon involved in it.
Ans : The phenomenon that includes transformation of solid to gaseous is called sublimation. It happens because of increase in temperature and decrease in pressure.
C. Long Answer Questions
1. Define water conservation. What are three R’s? Explain them with examples.
Ans : Water conservation includes all the activities that are necessary to protect our water resources. The three R’s are Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
Reduce : We should minimize our water consumption. For eg, Washing the dishes in a tub instead of running tap.
Reuse : We should reuse the used water. For eg. Water use for washing vegetables can be used again for watering plants.
Recycle : We should purify the used water and used it again to conserve water.
2. What are the ways to remove soluble impurities from water? Explain them.
Ans : Evaporation and Distillation are used to remove soluble impurities from water. By the process of Evaporation, water is heated and changed into water vapors and impurities is remain at the bottom of the vessels. The water vapors is then condense and changed into pure water. This process is called distillation.
3. Draw a simple water cycle to show the following processes involved in it-evaporation, condensation and fusion. How is water cycle important to us?
Ans :
4. When a solute dissolves in a solvent, it forms a solution. How many types of solutions can you make? Categorise the given solutions in different categories based on the states of solute dissolved in the solvents.
Name the solutes and solvents in each type of solution.
Ans : We can make four type of solution, (1) solids dissolved in liquid (2) liquid dissolved in liquid (3) gases dissolved in liquid and (4) gases dissolved in gases.
Banana milkshake : Solid dissolved in liquid, banana is solute and milk is solvent.
Smog : Liquid dissolved in gases, water is solute and air is solvent.
Air : Gases dissolved in gases, Oxygen and Nitrogen are solute and air is solvent.
LPG : Gases dissolved in gases. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
Cold Drinks : Gas dissolved in liquid. Carbon dioxide is solute and water is solvent.
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